crud operation in php | insert, update, delete in php sql

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crud operation in php | insert, update, delete in php sql

What is CRUD

CRUD is an acronym for Create, Read, Update, and Delete. CRUD operations are basic data manipulation for database. We’ve already learned how to perform create (i.e. insert), read (i.e. select), update and delete operations in previous chapters. In this tutorial we’ll create a simple PHP application to perform all these operations on a MySQL database table at one place.

Well, let’s start by creating the table which we’ll use in all of our example.

Creating the Database Table for crud operation in php

Execute the following SQL query to create a table named employees inside your MySQL database. We will use this table for all of our future operations.

Example:

CREATE TABLE employees (

 id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

 name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

 address VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,

 salary INT(10) NOT NULL

);

Related:

Creating the Config File

After creating the table, we need create a PHP script in order to connect to the MySQL database server. Let’s create a file named “config.php” and put the following code inside it.

We’ll later include this config file in other pages using the PHP require_once() function.

Example:

/* Database credentials. Assuming you are running MySQL server with default setting (user 'root' with no password) */define('DB_SERVER', 'localhost');define('DB_USERNAME', 'root');define('DB_PASSWORD', '');define('DB_NAME', 'demo'); /* Attempt to connect to MySQL database */$link = mysqli_connect(DB_SERVER, DB_USERNAME, DB_PASSWORD, DB_NAME); // Check connectionif($link === false){ die("ERROR: Could not connect. " . mysqli_connect_error());}

 

If you’ve downloaded the Object Oriented or PDO code examples using the download button, please remove the text “-oo-format” or “-pdo-format” from file names before testing the code.

Note: Replace the credentials according to your MySQL server setting before testing this code, for example, replace the database name ‘demo’ with your own database name, replace username ‘root’ with your own database username, specify database password if there’s any.

 

Creating the Landing Page

First we will create a landing page for our CRUD application that contains a data grid showing the records from the employees database table. It also has action icons for each record displayed in the grid, that you may choose to view its details, update it, or delete it.

We’ll also add a create button on the top of the data grid that can be used for creating new records in the employees table. Create a file named “index.php” and put the following code in it:

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Dashboard</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js@1.16.1/dist/umd/popper.min.js"></script> <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <style> .wrapper{ width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; } table tr td:last-child{ width: 120px; } </style> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); }); </script></head><body> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="mt-5 mb-3 clearfix"> <h2 class="pull-left">Employees Details</h2> <a href="create.php" class="btn btn-success pull-right"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i> Add New Employee</a> </div> <?php // Include config file require_once "config.php"; // Attempt select query execution $sql = "SELECT * FROM employees"; if($result = mysqli_query($link, $sql)){ if(mysqli_num_rows($result) > 0){ echo '<table class="table table-bordered table-striped">'; echo "<thead>"; echo "<tr>"; echo "<th>#</th>"; echo "<th>Name</th>"; echo "<th>Address</th>"; echo "<th>Salary</th>"; echo "<th>Action</th>"; echo "</tr>"; echo "</thead>"; echo "<tbody>"; while($row = mysqli_fetch_array($result)){ echo "<tr>"; echo "<td>" . $row['id'] . "</td>"; echo "<td>" . $row['name'] . "</td>"; echo "<td>" . $row['address'] . "</td>"; echo "<td>" . $row['salary'] . "</td>"; echo "<td>"; echo '<a href="read.php?id='. $row['id'] .'" class="mr-3" title="View Record" data-toggle="tooltip"><span class="fa fa-eye"></span></a>'; echo '<a href="update.php?id='. $row['id'] .'" class="mr-3" title="Update Record" data-toggle="tooltip"><span class="fa fa-pencil"></span></a>'; echo '<a href="delete.php?id='. $row['id'] .'" title="Delete Record" data-toggle="tooltip"><span class="fa fa-trash"></span></a>'; echo "</td>"; echo "</tr>"; } echo "</tbody>"; echo "</table>"; // Free result set mysqli_free_result($result); } else{ echo '<div class="alert alert-danger"><em>No records were found.</em></div>'; } } else{ echo "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later."; } // Close connection mysqli_close($link); ?> </div> </div> </div> </div></body></html>

 

Once employees table is populated with some records the landing page i.e. the CRUD data grid may look something like the picture shown below:

Tip: We’ve used the Bootstrap framework to make this CRUD application layout quickly and beautifully. Bootstrap is the most popular and powerful front-end framework for faster and easier responsive web development. Please, checkout the Bootstrap tutorial section to learn more about this framework.

 

Creating the Create Page

In this section we’ll build the Create functionality of our CRUD application.

Let’s create a file named “create.php” and put the following code inside it. It will generate a web form that can be used to insert records in the employees table.

Example:

// Include config filerequire_once "config.php"; // Define variables and initialize with empty values$name = $address = $salary = "";$name_err = $address_err = $salary_err = ""; // Processing form data when form is submittedif($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST"){ // Validate name $input_name = trim($_POST["name"]); if(empty($input_name)){ $name_err = "Please enter a name."; } elseif(!filter_var($input_name, FILTER_VALIDATE_REGEXP, array("options"=>array("regexp"=>"/^[a-zA-Zs]+$/")))){ $name_err = "Please enter a valid name."; } else{ $name = $input_name; } // Validate address $input_address = trim($_POST["address"]); if(empty($input_address)){ $address_err = "Please enter an address."; } else{ $address = $input_address; } // Validate salary $input_salary = trim($_POST["salary"]); if(empty($input_salary)){ $salary_err = "Please enter the salary amount."; } elseif(!ctype_digit($input_salary)){ $salary_err = "Please enter a positive integer value."; } else{ $salary = $input_salary; } // Check input errors before inserting in database if(empty($name_err) && empty($address_err) && empty($salary_err)){ // Prepare an insert statement $sql = "INSERT INTO employees (name, address, salary) VALUES (?, ?, ?)"; if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $sql)){ // Bind variables to the prepared statement as parameters mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "sss", $param_name, $param_address, $param_salary); // Set parameters $param_name = $name; $param_address = $address; $param_salary = $salary; // Attempt to execute the prepared statement if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){ // Records created successfully. Redirect to landing page header("location: index.php"); exit(); } else{ echo "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later."; } } // Close statement mysqli_stmt_close($stmt); } // Close connection mysqli_close($link);}?> <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Create Record</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <style> .wrapper{ width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; } </style></head><body> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h2 class="mt-5">Create Record</h2> <p>Please fill this form and submit to add employee record to the database.</p> <form action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]); ?>" method="post"> <div class="form-group"> <label>Name</label> <input type="text" name="name" class="form-control <?php echo (!empty($name_err)) ? 'is-invalid' : ''; ?>" value="<?php echo $name; ?>"> <span class="invalid-feedback"><?php echo $name_err;?></span> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Address</label> <textarea name="address" class="form-control <?php echo (!empty($address_err)) ? 'is-invalid' : ''; ?>"><?php echo $address; ?></textarea> <span class="invalid-feedback"><?php echo $address_err;?></span> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Salary</label> <input type="text" name="salary" class="form-control <?php echo (!empty($salary_err)) ? 'is-invalid' : ''; ?>" value="<?php echo $salary; ?>"> <span class="invalid-feedback"><?php echo $salary_err;?></span> </div> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Submit"> <a href="index.php" class="btn btn-secondary ml-2">Cancel</a> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div></body></html>

 

The same “create.php” file will display the HTML form and process the submitted form data. It will also perform basic validation on user inputs (line no-11 to 37) before saving the data.

 

Creating the Read Page

Now it’s time to build the Read functionality of our CRUD application.

Let’s create a file named “read.php” and put the following code inside it. It will simply retrieve the records from the employees table based the id attribute of the employee.

 

// Check existence of id parameter before processing furtherif(isset($_GET["id"]) && !empty(trim($_GET["id"]))){ // Include config file require_once "config.php"; // Prepare a select statement $sql = "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id = ?"; if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $sql)){ // Bind variables to the prepared statement as parameters mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "i", $param_id); // Set parameters $param_id = trim($_GET["id"]); // Attempt to execute the prepared statement if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){ $result = mysqli_stmt_get_result($stmt); if(mysqli_num_rows($result) == 1){ /* Fetch result row as an associative array. Since the result set contains only one row, we don't need to use while loop */ $row = mysqli_fetch_array($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC); // Retrieve individual field value $name = $row["name"]; $address = $row["address"]; $salary = $row["salary"]; } else{ // URL doesn't contain valid id parameter. Redirect to error page header("location: error.php"); exit(); } } else{ echo "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later."; } } // Close statement mysqli_stmt_close($stmt); // Close connection mysqli_close($link);} else{ // URL doesn't contain id parameter. Redirect to error page header("location: error.php"); exit();}?> <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>View Record</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <style> .wrapper{ width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; } </style></head><body> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h1 class="mt-5 mb-3">View Record</h1> <div class="form-group"> <label>Name</label> <p><b><?php echo $row["name"]; ?></b></p> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Address</label> <p><b><?php echo $row["address"]; ?></b></p> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Salary</label> <p><b><?php echo $row["salary"]; ?></b></p> </div> <p><a href="index.php" class="btn btn-primary">Back</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div></body></html>

 

Creating the Update Page

Similarly, we can build the Update functionality of our CRUD application.

Let’s create a file named “update.php” and put the following code inside it. It will update the existing records in the employees table based the id attribute of the employee.

 

// Include config filerequire_once "config.php"; // Define variables and initialize with empty values$name = $address = $salary = "";$name_err = $address_err = $salary_err = ""; // Processing form data when form is submittedif(isset($_POST["id"]) && !empty($_POST["id"])){ // Get hidden input value $id = $_POST["id"]; // Validate name $input_name = trim($_POST["name"]); if(empty($input_name)){ $name_err = "Please enter a name."; } elseif(!filter_var($input_name, FILTER_VALIDATE_REGEXP, array("options"=>array("regexp"=>"/^[a-zA-Zs]+$/")))){ $name_err = "Please enter a valid name."; } else{ $name = $input_name; } // Validate address address $input_address = trim($_POST["address"]); if(empty($input_address)){ $address_err = "Please enter an address."; } else{ $address = $input_address; } // Validate salary $input_salary = trim($_POST["salary"]); if(empty($input_salary)){ $salary_err = "Please enter the salary amount."; } elseif(!ctype_digit($input_salary)){ $salary_err = "Please enter a positive integer value."; } else{ $salary = $input_salary; } // Check input errors before inserting in database if(empty($name_err) && empty($address_err) && empty($salary_err)){ // Prepare an update statement $sql = "UPDATE employees SET name=?, address=?, salary=? WHERE id=?"; if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $sql)){ // Bind variables to the prepared statement as parameters mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "sssi", $param_name, $param_address, $param_salary, $param_id); // Set parameters $param_name = $name; $param_address = $address; $param_salary = $salary; $param_id = $id; // Attempt to execute the prepared statement if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){ // Records updated successfully. Redirect to landing page header("location: index.php"); exit(); } else{ echo "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later."; } } // Close statement mysqli_stmt_close($stmt); } // Close connection mysqli_close($link);} else{ // Check existence of id parameter before processing further if(isset($_GET["id"]) && !empty(trim($_GET["id"]))){ // Get URL parameter $id = trim($_GET["id"]); // Prepare a select statement $sql = "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id = ?"; if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $sql)){ // Bind variables to the prepared statement as parameters mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "i", $param_id); // Set parameters $param_id = $id; // Attempt to execute the prepared statement if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){ $result = mysqli_stmt_get_result($stmt); if(mysqli_num_rows($result) == 1){ /* Fetch result row as an associative array. Since the result set contains only one row, we don't need to use while loop */ $row = mysqli_fetch_array($result, MYSQLI_ASSOC); // Retrieve individual field value $name = $row["name"]; $address = $row["address"]; $salary = $row["salary"]; } else{ // URL doesn't contain valid id. Redirect to error page header("location: error.php"); exit(); } } else{ echo "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later."; } } // Close statement mysqli_stmt_close($stmt); // Close connection mysqli_close($link); } else{ // URL doesn't contain id parameter. Redirect to error page header("location: error.php"); exit(); }}?> <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Update Record</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <style> .wrapper{ width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; } </style></head><body> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h2 class="mt-5">Update Record</h2> <p>Please edit the input values and submit to update the employee record.</p> <form action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars(basename($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])); ?>" method="post"> <div class="form-group"> <label>Name</label> <input type="text" name="name" class="form-control <?php echo (!empty($name_err)) ? 'is-invalid' : ''; ?>" value="<?php echo $name; ?>"> <span class="invalid-feedback"><?php echo $name_err;?></span> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Address</label> <textarea name="address" class="form-control <?php echo (!empty($address_err)) ? 'is-invalid' : ''; ?>"><?php echo $address; ?></textarea> <span class="invalid-feedback"><?php echo $address_err;?></span> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Salary</label> <input type="text" name="salary" class="form-control <?php echo (!empty($salary_err)) ? 'is-invalid' : ''; ?>" value="<?php echo $salary; ?>"> <span class="invalid-feedback"><?php echo $salary_err;?></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="<?php echo $id; ?>"/> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" value="Submit"> <a href="index.php" class="btn btn-secondary ml-2">Cancel</a> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div></body></html>

 

Creating the Delete Page

Finally, we will build the Delete functionality of our CRUD application.

Let’s create a file named “delete.php” and put the following code inside it. It will delete the existing records from the employees table based the id attribute of the employee.

// Process delete operation after confirmationif(isset($_POST["id"]) && !empty($_POST["id"])){ // Include config file require_once "config.php"; // Prepare a delete statement $sql = "DELETE FROM employees WHERE id = ?"; if($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, $sql)){ // Bind variables to the prepared statement as parameters mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "i", $param_id); // Set parameters $param_id = trim($_POST["id"]); // Attempt to execute the prepared statement if(mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt)){ // Records deleted successfully. Redirect to landing page header("location: index.php"); exit(); } else{ echo "Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later."; } } // Close statement mysqli_stmt_close($stmt); // Close connection mysqli_close($link);} else{ // Check existence of id parameter if(empty(trim($_GET["id"]))){ // URL doesn't contain id parameter. Redirect to error page header("location: error.php"); exit(); }}?> <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Delete Record</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <style> .wrapper{ width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; } </style></head><body> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h2 class="mt-5 mb-3">Delete Record</h2> <form action="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]); ?>" method="post"> <div class="alert alert-danger"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="<?php echo trim($_GET["id"]); ?>"/> <p>Are you sure you want to delete this employee record?</p> <p> <input type="submit" value="Yes" class="btn btn-danger"> <a href="index.php" class="btn btn-secondary">No</a> </p> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div></body></html>

After a long journey finally we’ve finished our CRUD application with PHP and MySQL. We recommend you to check out PHP & MySQL database tutorial section from the beginning, if you haven’t already covered, for a better understanding of each and every part of this tutorial.

 

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